SIGforum.com    Main Page  Hop To Forum Categories  The Lounge    Thermal inversion (further) doomed Titanic

Closed Topic Closed
Go
New
Find
Notify
Tools
Thermal inversion (further) doomed Titanic Login/Join 
Vi Veri Veniversum Vivus Vici
Picture of ChuckFinley
posted
Accessibility LinksSkip to content LINK

MENU
friday april 12 2024
Search The Times and The Sunday Times
Search

HISTORY
Why did the Titanic sink? Evidence hints at hidden iceberg theory
A freak weather event may have occurred on the night of the disaster, according to freshly examined accounts in The Times archive, meaning hazards lurking in the ocean were harder to spot

Jack Blackburn
,
Jack Malvern
Friday April 12 2024, 8.00am BST, The Times
The sky above the Titanic on the night it sank into the icy waters of the north Atlantic was one of the most beautiful the survivors had ever seen.

According to one passenger fortunate enough to secure a place on a lifeboat, the “keen atmosphere, free from any haze” made the stars “twinkle and glitter with a staccato flash that made the sky seem nothing but a setting made for them in which to display their wonder”.

The crew, meanwhile, saw something altogether different. From their vantage point 90ft above the sea, the horizon was obscured by a haze that prevented them spotting an iceberg in their path until it was too late.

The iceberg was already difficult to see due to a flat, calm sea on the night the Titanic sank
The iceberg was already difficult to see due to a flat, calm sea on the night the Titanic sank
BNPS
Freshly examined evidence of this discrepancy found in The Times’s archive is now bolstering a theory that suggests the Titanic was the victim of a freak weather event, which both caused the collision with the iceberg and hampered rescue efforts.

Tim Maltin, a historian and broadcaster, believes that the crew of the Titanic and nearby shipping vessels witnessed a “thermal inversion”, a meteorological event in which a band of cold air forces its way beneath warmer air.

He argues that on April 14, 1912, cold air driven by the Labrador current pushed beneath warm air carried by the Gulf Stream.

The effect is a mirage. Light bends over the horizon, allowing observers to see greater distances. Above the true horizon they see a refracted image of the sea beyond. This can trick them into thinking that objects on the true horizon are nearer than they are.

The Titanic sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912
The Titanic sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912
EXCLUSIVEPIX MEDIA
Observers at a higher altitude, such as the crow’s nest of a ship, may see the gap between the true horizon and the refracted one as a haze.

Maltin, author of Titanic: A Very Deceiving Night, found reports of light refraction mentioned in the logs of several ships in the area at the time and descriptions of “a haze” from the Titanic’s crew.

One of the most striking accounts was printed in The Times of Friday June 20, 1913, in a report about Thomas Ryan, who sued the Titanic’s owners for causing the death of his son.

Reginald Lee, left, was in the crow’s nest and was accompanied by Frederick Fleet, right. Both men survived the disaster
Reginald Lee, left, was in the crow’s nest and was accompanied by Frederick Fleet, right. Both men survived the disaster
WIKIPEDIA/GETTY
The law report noted the recollection of Reginald Lee, who was on lookout duty alongside Frederick Fleet when the Titanic struck the iceberg.

“He thought the haze was extending all round the horizon within a certain locality,” the report states. “When they were in the [life]boats they could see a further distance.”

Maltin said the report in The Times was a clear description of thermal inversion. Lookouts, who described the iceberg as looking dark, missed the hazard because it was poorly defined against the haze behind it.

“The reason why the berg appeared to be dark was because they were seeing it against a lighter haze,” Maltin said.


THE TIMES ARCHIVE
The false horizon created by temperature conditions not only hindered the Titanic’s crew from spotting the iceberg but sowed confusion among those who might have come to the rescue.

Although the Titanic was doomed from the moment it hit the iceberg, the catastrophic loss of life might have been averted if the SS Californian, sailing near by, had come to its aid.

Maltin said that the crew of the SS Californian saw the Titanic with a false horizon behind it and concluded that they were looking not at a big ship in the distance but a small ship that was closer by.

Had they correctly identified the Titanic, they might have woken their wireless operator to exchange messages with it and discover that it was in distress. Instead, they assumed that the unidentified vessel carried no such equipment and that it would be better to make contact with their powerful Morse lamp. They tried this repeatedly but received no response.

Maltin argues that the two ships were unable to read one another’s Morse signals because the atmospheric distortions “effectively scrambled Titanic and Californian’s Morse lamp signals to each other”.

Similar confusion surrounded the Titanic’s distress rockets, to which the SS Californian failed to respond until daybreak. Although visible to the SS Californian, the rockets appeared low in the sky and were not clearly distress signals.

Dr Andrew Young, an atmospheric refraction expert at San Diego State University, agreed that there was “a strong superior-mirage display in the ice field where Titanic sank”, corroborated by archival weather records and numerous ships’ logs.

The wreck of the Titanic was discovered in 1985
The wreck of the Titanic was discovered in 1985
ATLANTIC PRODUCTIONS
“The mirage and related refraction phenomena, such as looming, contributed to the confusion at the time of the accident,” Young said.

“In particular, [Maltin] has established that the crews of the Titanic and SS Californian saw each other’s signals but were unable to interpret them because of atmospheric effects acting in the unexpectedly large distance between the two ships.”

The Titanic, which struck the iceberg at 11.40pm, slipped beneath the waves at about 2.20am on April 15, 1912. Of the 2,240 passengers and crew who set sail on the Titanic, more than 1,500 died in the disaster.

Weather
Titanic
Related articles
‘Nothing prepares you for seeing the Titanic up close’
INTERVIEW
‘Nothing prepares you for seeing the Titanic up close’
July 02 2023, 12.01am BST
Jenny Coad
Mission to raise Titanic’s radio from Atlantic seabed
Mission to raise Titanic’s radio from Atlantic seabed
August 31 2023, 12.00am BST
Will Pavia, New York
Titanic iceberg was a 100,000-year-old giant
VIDEO
Titanic iceberg was a 100,000-year-old giant
March 06 2016, 12.01am GMT
Jonathan Leake
Share
PREVIOUS ARTICLE
Wish your dog lived longer? There’s a drug for that — and it may help you too
Previous article
NEXT ARTICLE
Trump could not outrun Stormy Daniels case — and now he risks ‘disaster’
Next article
BACK TO TOP
The Times & The Sunday Times
Get in touch
About us
Contact us
Help
The Times Editorial Complaints
The Sunday Times Editorial Complaints
Place an announcement
Classified advertising
Display advertising
The Times corrections
The Sunday Times corrections
Careers
More from The Times and The Sunday Times
The Times e-paper
The Sunday Times e-paper
The Sunday Times Wine Club
Times Print Gallery
The Times Archive
Times Crossword Club
Sunday Times Driving
Times+
The Sunday Times Rich List
Travel
Good University Guide
Schools Guide
Newsletters
Best Places to Live
Best Places to Stay
Times Appointments
Podcasts
Times Money Mentor
Times Luxury
Sportswomen of the Year Awards
Best Places to Work
Puzzles
© Times Media Limited 2024.

Registered in England No. 894646. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF.

Privacy & cookie policy
Licensing
Site map
Topics
Puzzles Archive
Authors
Commissioning terms
Terms and conditions
ipso regulated




_________________________
NRA Endowment Member
_________________________
"Of all tyrannies, a tyranny exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It may be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end, for they do so with the approval of their own conscience." -- C.S. Lewis
 
Posts: 5705 | Location: District 12 | Registered: June 16, 2012Report This Post
Shall Not Be Infringed
Picture of nhracecraft
posted Hide Post
^^^C'mon man, that's practically unreadable! Do people proofread ANYTHING anymore? Clearly this got not even a cursory glance!

Why did the Titanic sink? Evidence hints at hidden iceberg theory

A freak weather event may have occurred on the night of the disaster, according to freshly examined accounts in The Times archive, meaning hazards lurking in the ocean were harder to spot

Jack Blackburn, Jack Malvern Friday April 12 2024, 8.00am BST, The Times

The sky above the Titanic on the night it sank into the icy waters of the north Atlantic was one of the most beautiful the survivors had ever seen.

According to one passenger fortunate enough to secure a place on a lifeboat, the “keen atmosphere, free from any haze” made the stars “twinkle and glitter with a staccato flash that made the sky seem nothing but a setting made for them in which to display their wonder”.

The crew, meanwhile, saw something altogether different. From their vantage point 90ft above the sea, the horizon was obscured by a haze that prevented them spotting an iceberg in their path until it was too late.

The iceberg was already difficult to see due to a flat, calm sea on the night the Titanic sank

Freshly examined evidence of this discrepancy found in The Times’s archive is now bolstering a theory that suggests the Titanic was the victim of a freak weather event, which both caused the collision with the iceberg and hampered rescue efforts.

Tim Maltin, a historian and broadcaster, believes that the crew of the Titanic and nearby shipping vessels witnessed a “thermal inversion”, a meteorological event in which a band of cold air forces its way beneath warmer air.

He argues that on April 14, 1912, cold air driven by the Labrador current pushed beneath warm air carried by the Gulf Stream.

The effect is a mirage. Light bends over the horizon, allowing observers to see greater distances. Above the true horizon they see a refracted image of the sea beyond. This can trick them into thinking that objects on the true horizon are nearer than they are.

The Titanic sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912

Observers at a higher altitude, such as the crow’s nest of a ship, may see the gap between the true horizon and the refracted one as a haze.

Maltin, author of Titanic: A Very Deceiving Night, found reports of light refraction mentioned in the logs of several ships in the area at the time and descriptions of “a haze” from the Titanic’s crew.

One of the most striking accounts was printed in The Times of Friday June 20, 1913, in a report about Thomas Ryan, who sued the Titanic’s owners for causing the death of his son.

Reginald Lee, left, was in the crow’s nest and was accompanied by Frederick Fleet, right. Both men survived the disaster

The law report noted the recollection of Reginald Lee, who was on lookout duty alongside Frederick Fleet when the Titanic struck the iceberg.

“He thought the haze was extending all round the horizon within a certain locality,” the report states. “When they were in the [life]boats they could see a further distance.”

Maltin said the report in The Times was a clear description of thermal inversion. Lookouts, who described the iceberg as looking dark, missed the hazard because it was poorly defined against the haze behind it.

“The reason why the berg appeared to be dark was because they were seeing it against a lighter haze,” Maltin said.

The false horizon created by temperature conditions not only hindered the Titanic’s crew from spotting the iceberg but sowed confusion among those who might have come to the rescue.

Although the Titanic was doomed from the moment it hit the iceberg, the catastrophic loss of life might have been averted if the SS Californian, sailing near by, had come to its aid.

Maltin said that the crew of the SS Californian saw the Titanic with a false horizon behind it and concluded that they were looking not at a big ship in the distance but a small ship that was closer by.

Had they correctly identified the Titanic, they might have woken their wireless operator to exchange messages with it and discover that it was in distress. Instead, they assumed that the unidentified vessel carried no such equipment and that it would be better to make contact with their powerful Morse lamp. They tried this repeatedly but received no response.

Maltin argues that the two ships were unable to read one another’s Morse signals because the atmospheric distortions “effectively scrambled Titanic and Californian’s Morse lamp signals to each other”.

Similar confusion surrounded the Titanic’s distress rockets, to which the SS Californian failed to respond until daybreak. Although visible to the SS Californian, the rockets appeared low in the sky and were not clearly distress signals.

Dr Andrew Young, an atmospheric refraction expert at San Diego State University, agreed that there was “a strong superior-mirage display in the ice field where Titanic sank”, corroborated by archival weather records and numerous ships’ logs.

The wreck of the Titanic was discovered in 1985

“The mirage and related refraction phenomena, such as looming, contributed to the confusion at the time of the accident,” Young said.

“In particular, [Maltin] has established that the crews of the Titanic and SS Californian saw each other’s signals but were unable to interpret them because of atmospheric effects acting in the unexpectedly large distance between the two ships.”

The Titanic, which struck the iceberg at 11.40pm, slipped beneath the waves at about 2.20am on April 15, 1912. Of the 2,240 passengers and crew who set sail on the Titanic, more than 1,500 died in the disaster.


____________________________________________________________

If Some is Good, and More is Better.....then Too Much, is Just Enough !!
Trump 2024....Make America Great Again!
"May Almighty God bless the United States of America" - parabellum 7/26/20
Live Free or Die!
 
Posts: 9693 | Location: New Hampshire | Registered: October 29, 2011Report This Post
Member
Picture of 229DAK
posted Hide Post
Thank you nhracecraft!!!!!

"...a theory that suggests the Titanic was the victim of a freak weather event...."

One could argue the ship was doomed from the start because the captain ignored warnings about ice in the area and insisted on full speed.


_________________________________________________________________________
“A man’s treatment of a dog is no indication of the man’s nature, but his treatment of a cat is. It is the crucial test. None but the humane treat a cat well.”
-- Mark Twain, 1902
 
Posts: 9415 | Location: Northern Virginia | Registered: November 04, 2005Report This Post
thin skin can't win
Picture of Georgeair
posted Hide Post
quote:
^^^C'mon man, that's practically unreadable! Do people proofread ANYTHING anymore? Clearly this got not even a cursory glance!


Spray and pray, man!!



You only have integrity once. - imprezaguy02

 
Posts: 12897 | Location: Madison, MS | Registered: December 10, 2007Report This Post
A Grateful American
Picture of sigmonkey
posted Hide Post
Text is cheap.




"the meaning of life, is to give life meaning" Ani Yehudi אני יהודי Le'olam lo shuv לעולם לא שוב!
 
Posts: 44757 | Location: ...... I am thrice divorced, and I live in a van DOWN BY THE RIVER!!! (in Arkansas) | Registered: December 20, 2008Report This Post
Ignored facts
still exist
posted Hide Post
the fire in the coal storage area made more sense as a working theory.


.
 
Posts: 11230 | Location: 45 miles from the Pacific Ocean | Registered: February 28, 2003Report This Post
Eschew Obfuscation
posted Hide Post
quote:
Originally posted by nhracecraft:
^^^C'mon man, that's practically unreadable!

Correction: It was unreadable. It sounds like an interesting article, so thank you for cleaning it up.


_____________________________________________________________________
“One of the common failings among honorable people is a failure to appreciate how thoroughly dishonorable some other people can be, and how dangerous it is to trust them.” – Thomas Sowell
 
Posts: 6649 | Location: Chicago, IL | Registered: December 17, 2007Report This Post
Thank you
Very little
Picture of HRK
posted Hide Post
quote:
^^^C'mon man, that's practically unreadable! Do people proofread ANYTHING anymore? Clearly this got not even a cursory glance!



Clearly, come on man, clean up those cut n paste posts or just post a link with a headline...
 
Posts: 24720 | Location: Gunshine State | Registered: November 07, 2008Report This Post
Lost
Picture of kkina
posted Hide Post
quote:
Originally posted by 229DAK:
Thank you nhracecraft!!!!!

"...a theory that suggests the Titanic was the victim of a freak weather event...."

One could argue the ship was doomed from the start because the captain ignored warnings about ice in the area and insisted on full speed.


Yes, that's true but it's also about hampering rescue efforts that might have saved many.

quote:
Although the Titanic was doomed from the moment it hit the iceberg, the catastrophic loss of life might have been averted if the SS Californian, sailing near by, had come to its aid.



ACCU-STRUT FOR MINI-14
"Pen & Sword as one."
 
Posts: 17259 | Location: SF Bay Area | Registered: December 11, 2003Report This Post
Get my pies
outta the oven!

Picture of PASig
posted Hide Post
People really need to learn how to clean up a post when doing a full copy/paste.

I’m not reading that giant wall of garbage


 
Posts: 35246 | Location: Pennsylvania | Registered: November 12, 2007Report This Post
  Powered by Social Strata  

Closed Topic Closed

SIGforum.com    Main Page  Hop To Forum Categories  The Lounge    Thermal inversion (further) doomed Titanic

© SIGforum 2024